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Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula . It is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations () and chloride anions (). It is a Functional group compound, meaning, it contains both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group. The cation of this salt, choline, occurs in nature in living beings. Choline chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.
Choline chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999. Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, title=Johnson Matthey Process Technology - Choline chloride licensed process or from the pre-formed salt:
Choline chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.
It is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.
(2025). 9780471484943, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471484943
Applications
It is an important additive in feed especially for where it accelerates growth. It forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.
Related salts
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate. In foodstuffs, the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine.
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